六级与四级的区别：2.词汇题—找词所在句子关系一、词—词汇量5500.转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是·，找转折连词But,Yet,However。.二、句一出题考长句子。并列关系。例如：A and B,问A就把B内容填进去。三、段一所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But,et,However转折连词后面是解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。重点，常考点。例如：四、选项一有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。30."An identifying figure"(Line 2,Para.5)refers to a personA)who serves as a model for others原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。B)who is always successful尽量少读：六级更多的对点出趣，而不是对面出趣。C)who can be depended uponD)who has been rewarded for his success六级题型：(文章前四段省路)1.主自题(Sum Up/Title)一看文章每段第一句Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole,and he24.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?becomes an identifying figure.We use some people as models over a wide range ofA)Advantages and disadvantages of automation.situations,imitating much that they do.We learn that they are dependable andB)Labour and the effects of automation.rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.注：把握and前后是并列关系。C)Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D)Social benefits of automation.注：文章三段第一句都出现automation,两段出现abour,因此这两个词是重点，必然3.细节题一直接细节、因果推理、暗示在选项中出现。例如：31.It is implied that fifty years agoAutomation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation ofA)eighty percent of American working people were employed in factoriesproductive machinery.It reduces the human factors,mental and physical,in production,B)twenty percent of American intellectuals were employeesand is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers.C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same asThe development of automation in American industry has been called the "Secondthat of industrial workersIndustrial Revolution"D)the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that注：refers to下定义of industrial workers34.According to the writer,professional knowledge or skill isLabour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects onA)less important than awareness of being a good employeeemployment,and fears of major changes in jobs.In the main,labour has taken theB)as important as the ability to deal with public relationsview that resistance to technical change is unfruitful.Eventually,the result ofC)more important than employer-employee relationsautomation may well be an increase in employment,since it is expected that vastD)as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organizationindustries will grow up around manufacturing,maintaining,and repairing automationequipment.The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum ofOurs has become a society of employees.A hundred years or so ago only oneinconvenience and distress to the workers involved.Also,union spokesmenout of every five Americans at work was employed,i.e.,worked for somebody else.emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possibleToday only one out of five is not employed but working for himself.And when fiftyby automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages,more leisure,years ago "being employed"meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand,and improved living standards.the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal注：abour雇员education,holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual andtechnical skills.Indeed,two things have characterized American society during theseTo protect the interests of their members in the era of automation,unions havelast fifty years:middle-class and upper -class employees have been theadopted a number of new policies.One of these is the promotion of supplementaryfastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrialunemployment benefit plans.It is emphasized that since the employer involved in suchworker,that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution,has been losing in numericala plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment,he will have a strongimportance despite the expansion of industrial production.drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobsand job assignments.Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements.Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee.You canrequiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on lengthfind a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion.of service.Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor",which calls forYou can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field,whether it be the mechanist'swage increases based on increases in productivity.It is possible,however,that labourtrade or bookkeeping ()Every one of these trades requires different skills,setswill rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits ofdifferent standards,and requires a different preparation.Yet they all haveautomation.employeeship in common.And increasingly,especially in the large business or in注：union工会，和雇员有关government,employeeship is more important to success than the specialprofessional knowledge or skill.Certainly more people fail because they do notultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals.And global warming could wipe outknow the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequatelyspecies unable to quickly adapt to changing climates.Clearly,protecting will comepossess the skills of their trade;the higher you climb the ladder,the more you get intoonly through coordinated international efforts to control human population,administrative or executive work,the greater the emphasis on ability to work within thestabilize the composition of the atmosphere,and preserve intact Earth'sorganization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.complex web life4.作者态度题(attitude)一正负态度36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly凡是文章探讨新事物一正态度controversial凡是文章探讨老事物一负态度issue?例外：中立题A)Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.B)Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.25.The writer's attitude towards the use of the telephone isC)Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.A)affectionateD)Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.B)disapproving注：细节题。第一段economic interestsC)approving●表示绝对的词一出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点：如果出现在选项中，很可能是D)neutral不对的·例子：例子必出趣。文章有论点论据论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而全无：言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude例子开始的标志：for example,后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内-neither...nor容全有：all-every-.fu-either..例子含义的标志：show,tel,prove,demonstrate,.fnd,clearly唯一：only-exactly-best-most[Page72]37.According to the passage,the preservation of rain forestsIn the United States,the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highlyA)may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the EndangeredB)benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.Species Act in 1973.The act,designed to protect species'living areas,andC)should take priority over the control of human population.policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests.In theD)will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.1990's,for example,the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged注：细节趣，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出“和经济利益冲突就legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains.The challengewas mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰)，whose remainingpopulation occupies these forests and requires the intact,ancient forest for survival.38.According to the passage,cutting tress to grow more foodThe problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those ofA)will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.After months of debate andB)is but a short-term relief to the food problem.legal battles,the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.C)can hardly alleviate the shortage of food.注：1.controversiall的意思是受争议的，同sharply political issue°，contro表示“反"D)proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations2.for example前句子是重点注：对应文章第二段。Short--term对应temporarily,relief对应avoid。3.problematic悬而未决的39.Among"humanity's current problems"(Line 6,Para.3),the chief concern of theSimilar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations.Manyscientistsspeople in industrialized nations,for example,believe that developing nations intropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas.A)the impoverishment of developing countriesBut the developing countries may be impoverished(使穷困)，with populationsB)the explosion of the human population.C)the reduction of biological diversity.growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoidD)the effect of global warming.worsening poverty and starvation.注：第三段。C选项中eduction对应rob,diversity对应ichness。注：1.tension张力，冲突2.看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。40.The author's purpose in writing this passage is3.But转折是重点A)to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems.B)to present the different views on humanity's current problems.Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob theC)to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity's currentplanet of its biological richness.The destruction of Earth's ozone layer ()forproblems.example,could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowingD)to point out that humanity's current problems can only be solved through thecooperation of nations.(B)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents注：看最后一句话，cooperation of nations对应coordinated international efforts。(C)the dominance of the parents over their children(D)the teenagers'ability to deal with crisesPage80]注：段落主台，B和C只说了一部分。We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety,but stress seems toaffect the immune defenses of lower animals too.In one experiment,for example,It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blamebehavioral immunologist(免疫学家Mark Laudenslger,,at the University of Denver,,them for most of the misunderstandings between them.They have always complained.gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats.Half the animals could switch off the current bymore or less justly,that their parents are out of touch with modern ways;that they areturning a wheel in their enclosure,while the other half could mot.The rats in the twopossessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises;thatgroups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itselfthey talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humour,atand its helpless partner from the shock.Laudenslager found that the immuneleast in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate theirresponse was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that couldteenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Young peopleturn off the electricity.What he has demonstrated,he believes,is that lack of controloften irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles,in entertainersover an event,not the experience itself,is what weakens the immune system.and music.This is not their motive.They feel cut off from the adult world into which注：1.vulnerable易受伤害的they have not yet been accepted.So they create a culture and society of their own.2.immune defense免疫系统Then,if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or3.found.之后是试验告诉我们的观点hairstyles irritate their parents,this gives them additional enjoyment.They feel they aresuperior,at least in a small way,and that they are leaders in style and taste.4.depress.压抑，de往下Other researchers agree.Jay Weiss,a psychologist at Duke University School ofMedicine.has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't40.The main idea of this passage is that(A)attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesdevelop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.But(B)better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality ofif the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over,they laterour lifebehave passively when faced with experiences they can control.Such findings(C)the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did manyreinforce psychologists'suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness isyears agoone of the most harmful factors in depression.(D)priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities注：1.看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。2.passive被动的Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of theurban environment.Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every21.Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats whobook about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea.At present,it is generallycould turn off the electricityaccepted,although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of aA)was strengthenedclosely-reasoned scientific proof.The recognition of the importance of greenspaces inB)was not affectedthe urban environment is a first step on the right way,this does not mean,however,C)was alteredthat sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and aboutD)was weakenedthe way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces.As to this rather complex注：定位文章第一段found之后subject I shall,within the scope of this lecture,enter into one aspect only,namely therecreative function of greenspace facilities.22.According to the passage,the experience of helplessness causes rats to注：GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献。A)try to control unpleasant stimuliB)turn off the electricityThe theoretical separation of living.working.traffic and recreation which for manyC)become abnormally suspiciousyears has been used in town-and-country planning,has in my opinion resulted inD)behave passively in controllable situationsdisproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home.whereas there was注：定位第二段Bt之后那句话relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the directneighbourhood of the home.We have come to the conclusion that this is not right.23.The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was thatbecause an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working,isused for activities at and around home.So it is obvious that recreation in the open airA)they disliked its tastehas to begin at the street-door of the house.The urban environment has to offer asB)it affected their immune systemsmany recreation activities as possible,and the design of these has to be such thatC)it led to stomach painsmore obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.D)they associated it with stomachachesThe very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasantwalk in the district,if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets,because the22.The first paragraph is mainly aboutrisks of traffic are too great,if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying(A)the teenagers'criticism of their parentsfor a moment the nice weather,in short,if you only feel yourself at home after the